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Can Horses Swim? Explore Equine Swimming Secrets

Last updated: January 17, 2025

By: Miles HenryFact Checked

Growing up in Louisiana, I was practically raised in the saddle, thanks to my grandfather who lived and breathed horses. From working cattle on horseback to owning and training racehorses, my life has revolved around these incredible animals. That’s why people often ask me, ‘Can horses swim?’ The short answer is yes, but there’s so much more to it.

I created this guide to help horse owners explore the many benefits of swimming for horses and how to safely introduce them to water. Drawing from my 25 years of hands-on experience and trusted equine health research, this guide offers practical, expert-backed advice to keep your horse safe, healthy, and thriving in the water.

Rider guiding a horse through water to demonstrate safe swimming techniques.
Horse and rider enjoying a safe swim together.

Can Horses Swim? Understanding Their Natural Ability

Yes, horses are natural swimmers. Their large lungs provide buoyancy, and they instinctively use a paddle-like motion with their legs—similar to how they trot on land—to move through water. This ability is a survival instinct—allowing horses in the wild to cross rivers in search of food or escape predators. However, not all horses are equally comfortable in water—some need guidance and patience to build their confidence.

Horses’ Natural Ability to Swim

Understanding how horses naturally swim can help owners better support their comfort and safety in the water.

  • Natural Instinct: Horses possess an inherent ability to swim; when they encounter deep water, they instinctively begin paddling to stay afloat. All About Horses
  • Buoyancy: Their substantial lung capacity contributes to natural buoyancy, aiding in flotation and balance. HorseLife
  • Swimming Motion: While swimming, horses utilize a paddle-like leg movement, akin to trotting but executed more slowly and deliberately. Horse Report

These innate traits enable horses to navigate aquatic environments effectively, whether for survival in the wild or during domesticated activities.

Horse participating in aqua therapy to recover from injury and improve joint mobility.
Horse in aqua therapy, building strength and flexibility.

Why Do Horses Swim? Survival, Exercise, and Therapy Benefits

Horses engage in swimming for various reasons, encompassing survival instincts, therapeutic benefits, and recreational purposes.

In the Wild

Historically, wild horses swam across rivers during migrations to locate food sources and evade predators. Learn about how horses migrated in my article Are Horses Native to North America. This instinctual behavior persists in domesticated horses today. National Equine

Training and Rehabilitation

Swimming provides low-impact exercise that strengthens muscles, improves joint mobility, and enhances cardiovascular health. Studies have shown how effective swim therapy can be for equine rehabilitation:

  • A study by the Equine Performance Innovative Center reported significant improvement in muscle tone and joint flexibility for a horse recovering from tendon surgery after a six-week swim therapy program. (Source)
  • The American Association of Equine Practitioners documented a racehorse that returned to racing after using controlled swimming as part of its tendon injury recovery. (Source)

Recreation and Cooling Off

On hot days, swimming offers horses a means to cool down and provides relief from heat stress. Additionally, it serves as an enjoyable activity that can improve a horse’s mental well-being.

By recognizing these behaviors, horse owners and trainers can make swimming a safer and more enjoyable experience for their horses. Now that we know why horses swim, it’s equally important to explore how they navigate through water.

Can horses swim naturally? This horse demonstrates their instinctive swimming ability.
Horses are instinctive swimmers, using natural paddling motions to stay afloat.

How Can Horses Swim? Mechanics of Their Movement in Water

Horses exhibit specific behaviors and physiological responses when swimming:

  • Head Above Water: Horses naturally keep their heads above water to breathe, ensuring a clear airway during swimming.
  • Paddle-like Motion: They move their legs in a coordinated, circular motion to propel themselves forward. This movement is similar to their trotting gait but adapted for aquatic environments. Frontiers
  • Energy Demand: Swimming is physically demanding for horses. The resistance of water increases their heart rate and breathing, making the activity comparable to cantering for extended periods. Equine hydrotherapy programs have been associated with improvements in cardiovascular function and aerobic capacity, highlighting the strenuous nature of swimming. Horse Report

Gaining insight into these aspects of equine swimming can help in developing effective training and rehabilitation programs that leverage the benefits of aquatic exercise.

Swimming can build trust between rider and horse when done safely.
Rider on a horse swimming in open water.

Horse Attitudes Toward Swimming: Fear, Curiosity, and Comfort

Horses exhibit varied reactions to water, influenced by several factors:

  • Limited Depth Perception: Horses have a wide field of monocular vision but limited binocular vision, which affects their depth perception. This limitation can make water bodies appear intimidating, as they cannot accurately judge depth. Equus
  • Past Negative Experiences: Horses that have encountered stressful or frightening situations involving water may develop an aversion to it. Such experiences can lead to reluctance or fear when approaching water again.
  • Individual Preferences: Just as with humans, some horses simply dislike getting wet. This preference can stem from their unique personality traits or past experiences.
  • Exposure: Horses that are regularly exposed to water from a young age tend to be more comfortable and confident when swimming. Gradual and positive exposure helps in building their confidence around water. Explore Fauna

Recognizing these factors helps horse owners and trainers approach water-related activities with empathy and informed strategies, ensuring a positive experience for the horse. While not every horse takes to water easily, with patience, most can learn to enjoy it.

Horse swimming toward its owner, highlighting the trust and bond between them.
Horse and owner bonding through swimming.

Teaching Your Horse to Swim: A Step-by-Step Guide

Introducing your horse to swimming should be gradual and positive to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience. Here are practical steps to follow:

  • Start Shallow: Begin in shallow water, allowing your horse to get used to the sensation.
  • Go at Their Pace: Let your horse progress deeper at their own comfort level.
  • Use the Buddy System: Walk alongside your horse or introduce them to water with another calm horse.
  • Safety First: Use a lead rope but stay clear of their legs. Wear sturdy, waterproof footwear.
  • Positive Reinforcement: Reward progress with treats and praise.

I had a gelding that refused to step into water no matter how much I encouraged him. I eventually led him to a shallow creek alongside one of my calmer horses. Watching the other horse wade in made him curious enough to test the water. Within a few short sessions, he was confidently swimming without hesitation. That experience taught me how important patience and a calm companion can be when introducing a horse to swimming.

By keeping the process gradual and positive, you help your horse build confidence and learn to enjoy the water safely. Learn more about building trust through positive training in my guide on Positive Reinforcement in Horse Training.

Child riding a horse while swimming in a lake on a hot day.
Young rider enjoying a summer swim with her horse.

Can You Ride a Horse While It Swims? Safety Tips and Best Practices

Yes, you can ride a horse while it swims, but safety is paramount:

  • Remove the Saddle: Saddles can restrict movement and become waterlogged, hindering the horse’s ability to swim effectively.
  • Loose Rein: Maintain a loose rein to avoid restricting your horse’s head movement, allowing it to navigate the water naturally.
  • Stay Balanced: Let the horse lead and avoid sudden weight shifts, which could disrupt its balance in the water.
  • Assess the Environment: Always evaluate the water body for depth, currents, and potential hazards before entering. Unfamiliar waters can pose risks; it’s essential to ensure safe footing and conditions.

I once took one of my more experienced mares into a pond on a particularly hot day. After removing her saddle and keeping a loose grip on the reins, she moved smoothly through the water. I quickly realized the importance of staying balanced—leaning even slightly forward seemed to throw her off. That ride reinforced the trust required between horse and rider in the water.

Rider guiding a horse while swimming in open water, demonstrating safe equine swimming practices.
A rider safely swimming with their horse—highlighting the natural swimming abilities of horses.

Benefits of Swimming for Horses: Physical, Mental, and Emotional

Let’s explore how swimming can improve your horse’s physical fitness, mental state, and comfort.

Physical and Rehabilitation Benefits of Swimming for Horses

Swimming provides low-impact exercise that strengthens muscles, improves joint mobility, and enhances cardiovascular health. Studies have shown how effective swim therapy can be for equine rehabilitation:

  • A study by the Equine Performance Innovative Center reported significant improvement in muscle tone and joint flexibility for a horse recovering from tendon surgery after a six-week swim therapy program. (Source)
  • The American Association of Equine Practitioners documented a racehorse that returned to racing after using controlled swimming as part of its tendon injury recovery. (Source)

Mental Benefits

  • Boosts a horse’s confidence.
  • Strengthens the bond between horse and rider.

Additional Benefits

  • Provides cooling relief on hot days.
  • Offers a break from flies and insects.

Real-Life Success Stories: How Swim Therapy Helps Horses Recover

The effectiveness of swim therapy is well-documented in various case studies and success stories:

  1. Post-Surgery Recovery
    A study from the Equine Performance Innovative Center detailed how a horse recovering from tendon surgery showed significant improvement in muscle tone and joint flexibility after participating in a six-week swim therapy program.
  2. Overcoming Chronic Lameness
    A dressage horse suffering from chronic lameness regained significant mobility and strength after completing a swim therapy program. This case was documented by Equine Veterinary Education.
  3. A racehorse recovering from a tendon injury underwent a controlled swimming regimen as part of its rehabilitation. According to a study by the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), the horse fully recovered and returned to its previous racing performance levels.

Incorporating swimming into your horse’s routine can offer numerous physical and mental benefits, enhancing overall well-being. For more detailed guidance on safely crossing water with your horse, consider reviewing resources from Equus Magazine.

Here is a good YouTube video showing horses swimming in rehab.

YouTube video
Aquatherapy

Swimming Conditions for Horses: Speed, Endurance, and Water Types

everal factors impact a horse’s swimming ability, including their endurance and the type of water they’re in. Understanding these conditions is key to keeping your horse safe and comfortable in the water.

Swimming Speed and Endurance

Horses swim much slower than they run, typically reaching speeds of about 4 km/h. The physical demands of swimming are comparable to cantering for miles due to water resistance. It’s essential to monitor your horse for signs of fatigue, including:

  • Slower paddling
  • A stretched-out neck
  • Heavy breathing

According to the National Equine Institute of Growth (NEIG), swimming places significant cardiovascular demands on horses, similar to sustained cantering, making it an excellent low-impact workout. (nationalequine.org)

Freshwater vs. Saltwater Swimming

  • Saltwater: Higher buoyancy in saltwater makes swimming easier for horses, but the salt can irritate their skin. After swimming in saltwater, it’s recommended to rinse your horse thoroughly to prevent skin irritation. (strathornfarm.co.uk)
  • Freshwater: Freshwater is gentler on a horse’s skin but may conceal hazards like mud, sharp rocks, or sudden drop-offs. Always inspect the swimming area before allowing your horse to enter. (thehorseandstable.com)

Understanding how different water types and physical demands affect your horse ensures a safer and more enjoyable swimming experience.

Water Safety and Post-Swim Care for Horses: Keeping Them Safe

To make swimming both safe and enjoyable for your horse, it’s important to follow safety guidelines and provide proper care afterward.

Before and During Swimming:

  • Protect Ears and Airways: Avoid water entering the horse’s ears to prevent discomfort or balance issues.
  • Monitor Fatigue: Watch for signs of exhaustion, such as slower paddling, a stretched neck, or heavy breathing.
  • Scout Locations: Check for deep drop-offs, strong currents, sharp objects, or harmful algae before entering the water.
  • Let the Horse Lead: Never force your horse into water. Trust their instincts and allow them to move at their own pace.
  • Note: Be cautious of harmful algae blooms in lakes and ponds, as they can pose health risks to horses.

After Swimming:

  • Rinse Off: Thoroughly rinse off saltwater, mud, or debris to prevent skin irritation and infections.
  • Dry Hooves: Carefully dry the hooves to avoid bacterial or fungal infections, especially after swimming in muddy or salty water.
  • Monitor Behavior: Observe your horse for any signs of soreness, fatigue, or discomfort in the hours and days following a swim.
Wet horse emerging from a lake after swimming, showcasing the importance of post-swim care for horses.
A horse stepping out of a lake after a swim—highlighting the need for proper post-swim care

FAQs: Everything You Need to Know About Horses and Swimming

Can Horses Swim Naturally?

Yes. Horses are natural swimmers. Their large lungs provide buoyancy, and they instinctively use a paddle-like motion with their legs to move through water.

Is Swimming Safe for All Horses?

Not always. While most horses can swim, those with health issues, injuries, or anxiety around water should be introduced carefully or avoid swimming altogether. Always consult a vet if unsure.

How Far Can a Horse Swim?

It depends. A healthy, fit horse can swim short distances comfortably, but water resistance makes swimming physically demanding. It’s best to keep swim sessions brief and monitor for fatigue.

Can You Ride a Horse While It Swims?

Yes, but with caution. Remove the saddle, use a loose rein, and stay balanced. Never force your horse into water, and always choose safe, calm swimming areas.

What Are the Benefits of Swimming for Horses?

Swimming improves muscle strength, joint flexibility, and cardiovascular health. It also reduces stress on joints and can aid in injury recovery through low-impact exercise.

Do horses like to swim?

Some horses enjoy swimming, while others may not be as fond of it. Like humans, horses have their own individual preferences and personalities. It’s important to introduce horses to swimming gradually and in a positive way and to always be mindful of their comfort and safety in the water.

Conclusion: Helping Your Horse Enjoy Swimming Safely

Horses are natural swimmers, and with the right approach, swimming can be a safe, enjoyable, and rewarding experience. Whether it’s for exercise, rehabilitation, or simply a way to cool off on a hot day, swimming offers numerous benefits and can strengthen the bond between you and your horse.

I’ve seen firsthand how even the most hesitant horses can learn to love the water with patience and care. Every horse’s journey is different\u2014and I’d love to hear about yours!

Let’s Stay Connected!
Have you ever taken your horse swimming? Share your stories or ask questions in the comments below\u2014your experience might inspire other horse owners!

Miles Henry

About the Author: Miles Henry

Miles Henry is a lifelong horseman with over 25 years of experience owning and training Thoroughbred racehorses. He shares expert insights from his personal experiences growing up with horses, including Quarter Horses and Appaloosas, and currently owns seven Thoroughbreds in training.

Learn more about Miles Henry