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Horse Supplements: Do They Need Them and Which Are Best?

Last updated: December 25, 2024

By: Miles HenryFact Checked

As a lifelong horseman, I’ve often seen horse owners turn to horse supplements without fully understanding their horse’s specific needs. This raises an important question: Do all horses need supplements to stay healthy? In this guide, we’ll explore when supplements are truly necessary and when they might be unnecessary—or even harmful.

Together, we’ll navigate the essential nutrients horses require, the importance of a balanced diet, and how to avoid the risks of over-supplementation. With the guidance of a vet and the right knowledge, you can make informed decisions to keep your equine companion healthy and thriving.

Thoroughbred stallion with a shiny coat in a paddock.
A healthy Thoroughbred stallion showcasing excellent coat condition.

Do Horses Need Supplements?

Deciding whether your horse needs supplements depends on several key factors, including age, workload, diet, and environmental conditions. While supplements can play an important role in filling nutritional gaps, they should not replace the foundation of equine nutrition: a balanced diet. To explore more about horse nutrition read, What Do Horses Eat? An Equine Nutrition Guide

Key Factors to Consider

Supplement needs vary depending on factors like a horse’s age, workload, diet, and environment. For example:

  • Senior Horses: Older horses may require joint or digestive support due to age-related changes in their ability to process nutrients.
  • High-Performance Horses: Horses in heavy training often need extra energy, electrolytes, and supplements for muscle recovery.
  • Forage Quality: Poor-quality hay or limited access to pasture can necessitate vitamin and mineral supplementation.

For a complete breakdown of these factors and the potential supplement needs they create, see the detailed table below.

250x250 general

The table below outlines specific conditions, potential supplement needs, and key considerations to guide your decision-making.

Key FactorsSpecific ConditionSupplement NeedsTips & Considerations
AgeYoung, growing horsesHigher protein, energy, and calcium for bone and muscle development.Use legume hay like alfalfa or balanced commercial feeds. Consult a vet or equine nutritionist for proper ratios.
Older horsesJoint support supplements, weight maintenance aids, and muscle support.Use softened feeds, and supplements with glucosamine, chondroitin, and hyaluronic acid. Schedule regular dental checkups to ensure proper chewing and digestion.
Activity LevelHigh-performance horsesIncreased energy, electrolytes, and muscle recovery supplements.Provide grains like oats or barley for energy, electrolytes after strenuous exercise, and ensure adequate fiber to prevent digestive issues.
Lightly worked or idle horsesGenerally none; balanced diet with high-quality forage is sufficient.Most horses can maintain health on grass, hay, and access to fresh, clean water. Avoid unnecessary supplementation.
Health ConditionsEquine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS)Supplements to aid metabolic function; low non-structural carbohydrate diets.Consult a vet for diet recommendations. Limit access to lush pastures and high-carb feeds to prevent laminitis.
Arthritis or joint diseaseJoint supplements with hyaluronic acid, yucca, chondroitin, and glucosamine.Use only registered supplements with tested ingredients. Always consult a vet before starting joint care regimens.
Digestive issuesProbiotics or prebiotics for gut health.Ensure adequate fiber intake and consistent feeding schedules. Gradually introduce dietary changes to avoid digestive upset.
Dietary ConsiderationsPoor quality or limited forageVitamin and mineral supplements to fill nutritional gaps.Consider alternative forage forms like hay pellets or cubes. Consult an equine nutritionist to ensure balanced nutrition.
Dental issuesSpecialized feeds or softened forage with digestive aids.Use senior feed options and digestion-support supplements. Schedule regular dental care to address chewing difficulties.
OtherSpecific deficiencies or vet adviceSupplements for selenium, Vitamin E, or other identified deficiencies.Follow veterinary recommendations for dosage and administration. Avoid injectable supplements unless under direct veterinary supervision.

Note: Supplements are tools to address specific needs, not replacements for a balanced diet. Always consult with a veterinarian or equine nutritionist before introducing new supplements.

Horse supplements displayed at our barn.
Horse supplements designed for skin and coat health.

Types of Horse Supplements

Understanding the types of supplements available can help you make informed decisions about your horse’s needs. Here are the main categories:

1. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements
Purpose: Fill gaps in forage-only diets or in areas with poor soil quality.

2. Hoof Supplements
Purpose: Support hoof growth and strength, especially for brittle or cracked hooves.

Senior horse eating softened feed for improved digestion and nutrient absorption.
Senior horse enjoying softened feed mixed with supplements.

3. Joint Supplements
Purpose: Maintain joint health and mobility, particularly in performance or aging horses.

4. Digestive Aids
Purpose: Improve gut health and prevent colic or ulcers.

5. Electrolytes
Purpose: Replace minerals lost through sweat during exercise or hot weather.

6. Weight Gain and Coat Supplements
Purpose: Enhance body condition, coat shine, and skin health.

  • Common Ingredients: Omega-3 fatty acids, flaxseed, and rice bran.
  • Personal Insight: I’ve seen significant coat improvements with omega-3 supplements.
    Discover coat nutrition tips.

7. Behavioral Supplements
Purpose: Manage anxiety and stress during travel, shows, or routine changes.

  • Important Note: Check legality for competitive use and consult a vet.
Horse tail being detangled with a wide-toothed comb.
Grooming supports coat health and prevents tangles.

How to Identify and Evaluate Quality Horse Supplements

Choosing the right supplements can feel overwhelming with so many options available. Here’s how to ensure you select safe and effective products:

1. Look for Evidence-Based Ingredients

  • Choose supplements with proven ingredients like biotin for hoof health or glucosamine for joint support.
  • Avoid products that promise “miracle cures” or lack ingredient transparency.
  • Pro Tip: Research specific ingredients or consult your vet to confirm they address your horse’s needs.

2. Check for Product Certification

  • Look for the NASC Quality Seal or similar certifications to ensure safety and quality.
  • Avoid unregistered supplements, as they may not undergo rigorous testing.
    • A detailed guide on equine supplementation from the University of Florida Extension provides critical insights into choosing safe and effective products.

3. Examine the Label Carefully

  • Dosage Accuracy: Follow clear instructions to avoid under- or over-supplementing.
  • Ingredient Relevance: Focus on active ingredients that address specific needs, not fillers.
  • Expiration Dates: Use products within their labeled shelf life for effectiveness.
Sweaty horse after a workout, drinking water.
Electrolyte supplements are crucial for horses after intense workouts.

4. Tailor Supplements to Your Horse
Every horse is unique, so avoid a one-size-fits-all approach.

  • Performance Horses: May need electrolytes or recovery aids.
  • Pasture Horses: Often thrive on forage without added supplements.
  • Research reviews and consult a vet for tailored advice.

5. Avoid Injectable Supplements Without Vet Guidance
Injectable supplements may seem effective but carry risks if misused. Always consult your vet before use.

6. Beware of Over-Supplementation
Over-supplementing can lead to nutrient imbalances or toxicities. For example:

  • Selenium: Excessive amounts can cause brittle hooves or colic.
  • Calcium & Phosphorus: Improper ratios may harm growing horses.
    Pro Tip: Avoid using multiple supplements without veterinary advice and carefully read labels.

Key Takeaway: Supplements are tools to fill gaps, not replacements for a balanced diet. Thoughtful, informed use is essential to your horse’s health.

7. Get Expert Advice
Consult veterinarians or trainers for guidance. Customer reviews can be helpful but shouldn’t replace expert recommendations.

Below is a YouTube video that addresses what supplements all horses should have.

YouTube video

FAQs About Horse Supplements

Do all horses need supplements?

No, most horses on a balanced diet of quality forage and grain do not need additional supplements. Supplements are only necessary to address specific deficiencies or health needs. Always evaluate your horse’s diet first.

Can I give my horse multiple supplements at once?

Multiple supplements can sometimes overlap in nutrients. To avoid unnecessary complications, consult your vet to ensure the right balance for your horse.

Can supplements replace a balanced diet?

No, supplements should not replace forage and grain. They are designed to fill gaps in an already balanced diet. If your horse shows signs of poor health, start by assessing their overall diet and forage quality. Learn more here: What Do Horses Eat? An Equine Nutrition Guide

Are all horse supplements tested and safe?

Not necessarily. Many supplements lack strict regulation, so low-quality products may contain fillers or contaminants. Choose supplements from reputable manufacturers with clear labeling and third-party testing.

Are natural supplements always safe?

No, “natural” doesn’t always mean safe. Certain herbal ingredients can have adverse effects or interact negatively with medications. For example, valerian root can interfere with metabolic processes.

How long does it take for horse supplements to work?

Most supplements take weeks or months to show results. Joint supplements, for example, often require 4–6 weeks of consistent use to have a noticeable impact.

Hoof being trimmed to treat an abscess in a horse.
Hoof abscesses form when bacteria enter through cracks, leading to infection and pressure buildup.

How to Choose the Best Horse Supplements

Choosing the right supplements for your horse can feel overwhelming with so many options. Here’s how to separate effective products from unnecessary expenses:

1. Look for Certifications

  • Choose supplements certified by organizations like the National Animal Supplement Council (NASC) to ensure safety and quality.
  • Look for products with clear ingredient lists and accurate dosing instructions to avoid over- or under-supplementing.
  • For example, Manna Pro SHO-GLO Supplement is NASC-certified, includes clearly listed ingredients, and supports coat health effectively.

2. Match Supplements to Your Horse’s Needs

Horses have unique dietary requirements based on factors like age, workload, and health conditions:

  • Senior Horses: Require joint and digestive support to manage age-related issues.
  • Performance Horses: Benefit from electrolytes and energy-boosting nutrients to maintain stamina and recovery.
  • Horses with Hoof Issues: Need biotin-rich formulas to promote stronger, healthier hooves.

Pro Tip: Consult your veterinarian to pinpoint specific gaps in your horse’s diet and choose supplements accordingly.

3. Assess Ingredients

High-quality supplements should contain pharmaceutical-grade ingredients without unnecessary fillers:

  • Biotin: Supports hoof strength and growth.
  • Vitamin E and Selenium: Boost immune function and muscle health.
  • Probiotics: Enhance gut health and digestion.

Always check ingredient labels to ensure the supplements match your horse’s needs.

4. Evaluate Cost vs. Benefit

  • Remember, expensive doesn’t always mean better—focus on supplements with proven results and clear benefits.
  • Look for products combining multiple nutrients to replace single-purpose supplements, saving both money and effort.
  • Example: Farnam Vita Balanced Vitamin/Mineral Supplement offers a cost-effective option with a well-rounded nutritional profile.

5. Observe Your Horse’s Response

Regularly monitor your horse’s condition after starting a new supplement:

  • Watch for visible improvements in coat, energy levels, and overall health.
  • If no noticeable changes occur after a reasonable period, reassess whether the supplement is addressing your horse’s needs.
  • Example: We observed significant hoof growth within two weeks using Horse Guard Equine Vitamin/Mineral Supplement.

A Personal Note on Popular Choices

Drawing from my experience:

  • Biotin-based supplements: Proven to strengthen brittle hooves and support healthy growth.
  • Electrolytes: Vital for keeping my racehorses hydrated and balanced during Louisiana’s hot summers.
  • Vitamin-mineral balancers: Perfect for bridging nutritional gaps in horses maintained on hay-only diets.

Key Takeaway: Focus on supplements that target your horse’s specific needs without adding unnecessary complexity. Always consult with your veterinarian to ensure your choices are tailored and effective.

Conclusion: Horse Supplements

A balanced diet is the cornerstone of equine health; supplements are tools, not replacements. While supplements can play a valuable role in addressing specific deficiencies, their use should always be thoughtful and guided by your horse’s individual needs. Over-supplementation can do more harm than good, making it essential to evaluate forage and grain quality first and consult with a veterinarian or equine nutritionist.

Choose trusted, high-quality products and monitor your horse’s response to ensure they are benefiting. Every horse is unique, and their nutritional plan should reflect their specific age, workload, and health conditions.

What supplements have worked best for your horse? Share your experiences or questions in the comments below!

Miles Henry

About the Author: Miles Henry

Miles Henry is a lifelong horseman with over 25 years of experience owning and training Thoroughbred racehorses. He shares expert insights from his personal experiences growing up with horses, including Quarter Horses and Appaloosas, and currently owns seven Thoroughbreds in training.

Learn more about Miles Henry